How does central sleep apnea differ from obstructive sleep apnea?

Central sleep apnea is characterized by a failure of the brain to send the necessary signals to the muscles that control breathing, which leads to periods of stopped breathing during sleep. This distinguishes it from obstructive sleep apnea, where the obstruction is due to the physical blockage of the airway despite the brain continuing to send signals to breathe.

In central sleep apnea, the problem originates in the central nervous system, highlighting the role of the brain in respiratory function. This condition may arise due to factors like heart failure or certain neurological disorders, affecting the brain's communication with the respiratory muscles.

On the other hand, obstructive sleep apnea involves structural issues within the pharyngeal airway. While the body attempts to breathe, the airway is blocked, preventing airflow, which can lead to snoring and apneic events.

Understanding these differences helps in diagnosing and treating the types of sleep apnea adequately, as central apnea requires a different management approach, often focusing on underlying neurological issues rather than just airway obstructive mechanisms.